Suchergebnisse

The civic participation in the process of creation of the public policies should improve the quality of democracy and give it is epistemological value. The public policy can be inclusive if its creation involves, on the basis of equality, all citizens who have their interests in conflict and can be affected by it. The paper will examine the civic participation in the process of creation of the laws through Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) tool in the Republic of Macedonia. Although the legal framework establishes the modes for obligatory civic participation, most of the laws are brought without substantial debate and without meaningful involvement of the affected groups.

The interweaving and interference of the public, private and nongovernmental sectors, or civil society, is an immanent characteristic of all democratic states. Through such a synergistic action and complementary activity of the three sectors, a democratic political environment and functionality of the institutions has been established. The subject of this paper is the determination of causality between non-profit organizations and public policies, i.e. whether and to what extent they can and actually influence their creation and drafting, within the framework of democratic political systems. According to the nature of the work, the most widely used research methods will be the comparative method, the descriptive method and the method of content analysis. Key words: public; civil; policies; society; democracy

This article proposes a general model for the creation of public policies that includes, its birth, or gestation of the problem or situation; the assessment and formulation of the responses; implementation and execution; follow-up and control, and the final evaluation. It is a process that seeks the cyclical nature of policies as well as their public and democratic profile. Taking as reference a set of definitions and processes, it proposes the construction of a new model and general process where citizen participation is essential. It can be seen that the multi-conceptual definitions themselves and the countless processes proposed, although helpful in enriching their study, allow for confusion and, thus, their inefficiency. ; El presente artículo propone un modelo general para la creación de las políticas públicas que comprende su nacimiento, o gestación del problema o situación; la valoración y formulación de las respuestas; la implementación y ejecución; su seguimiento y control y, la evaluación final. Es un proceso que busca el carácter cíclico de las políticas al tiempo que su perfil público y democrático. Tomando como referencia un conjunto de definiciones y procesos se propone la construcción de un nuevo modelo y proceso general donde la participación ciudadana es imprescindible. Se observa que, las propias definiciones multi-conceptuales y el sinnúmero de procesos propuestos, si bien han ayudado a enriquecer su estudio han traído algunas confusiones que contribuyen a la ineficiencia en los procesos.

This work proposes the inclusion of an element that is considered essential in public policies: evaluation during the implementation process, while warning about other problems that accompany them and that have not been properly resolved, such as the correct identification and delimitation of the problem; its birth and gestation; the times for its development; the lack of citizen participation, especially in its construction and implementation, and the evaluation itself. Taking as reference several definitions and processes, a new model and a new process are suggested, where democratic citizen participation is essential. This does not happen regularly, and public policies are debated between government actions that seek only to preserve power and not to develop the State, which should be its main purpose. In the end, it's possible to see that multiconceptual definitions and the myriad of processes proposed, while helping to enrich their definition, have made confusion and inefficiency possible. ; El presente trabajo propone la inclusión de un elemento que se considera primordial en las políticas públicas: la evaluación durante el proceso de implementación, al tiempo que advertir sobre otros problemas que las acompañan y que no han sido debidamente resueltos como, la identificación y delimitación correcta del problema; su nacimiento y gestación; los tiempos para su desarrollo; la falta de participación ciudadana sobre todo en su construcción e implementación y la propia evaluación. Tomando como referencia un sinnúmero de definiciones y procesos, se sugiere un nuevo modelo y proceso, donde la participación ciudadana democrática, es imprescindible. Regularmente esto no sucede y, las políticas públicas se debaten entre acciones de gobierno que buscan sólo conservar el poder y no desarrollar el Estado cual debiera ser su propósito principal. Al final, se puede observar que las definiciones multiconceptuales y el sinnúmero de procesos propuestos, si bien ayudan a enriquecer su definición han posibilitado la confusión y su ineficiencia. ; Este trabalho propõe a inclusão de um elemento considerado essencial nas políticas públicas: avaliação durante o processo de implementação, alerta sobre outros problemas que os acompanham e que não foram adequadamente resolvidos, como a correta identificação e delimitação do problema; seu nascimento e gestação; os tempos para o seu desenvolvimento; a falta de participação do cidadão, especialmente em sua construção e implementação, e a própria avaliação. Tomando como referência várias definições e processos, são sugeridos um novo modelo e um novo processo, onde a participação cidadã democrática é essencial. Isso não ocorre regularmente, e são discutidas políticas públicas entre ações governamentais que buscam apenas preservar o poder e não desenvolver o Estado, que deve ser seu principal objetivo. No final, percebe-se que definições multiconceptuais e a infinidade de processos propostos, ao mesmo tempo em que ajudam a enriquecer sua definição, tornaram possível a confusão e a ineficiência.

Fundación Cementerio de San Pedro (San Pedro Cemetery Foundation). It has as priority function: the management of the Cemetery of San Pedro, facility located in the city of Medellín, in Antioquia County. Recognizing the influence that the Cemetery has had for more than one and a half century of existence in several transformation processes of the city; in 1996 the Foundation promoted its recuperation looking for new protection and recovery policies, the same as new functioning and revitalization alternatives for the Cemetery, in order that it would remain as a testimony of representative historical moments, rescued for the memory of all who wanted to enjoy the building. In order to prepare the basic elements which originated the proposal of the cemetery recuperation, a careful reading took place where the material and immaterial components comprising the space of death were merged and the new urban planning model for the Colombian municipalities was studied (defined by Act 388 of 1997) "The Organic Act for Territorial Ordering", where the different aspects of the cemetery were well thought-out, not only the location but also the social, political and economical conditions of the Antioquia Society throughout history, which gave the conditions that originated this building. ; La Fundación Cementerio de San Pedro, tiene como funciónprioritaria la administración del Cementerio de San Pedrode Medellín. Reconociendo la incidencia que ha tenidodurante más de siglo y medio de existencia, en diversos procesosde transformación de la ciudad, en 1996 la Fundaciónpromovió la creación del proyecto de recuperación del CementerioSan Pedro, en busca de nuevas políticas y alternativasde protección, recuperación, refuncionalización y revitalizacióndel cementerio, para que permaneciera como testimonio de momentos históricos representativos, rescatados para lamemoria de todos los que se acerquen a él.Para la elaboración de las premisas que originaron dichapropuesta, se realizó una lectura donde se fusionaron los componentesmateriales e inmateriales, constitutivos del espaciode la muerte, y se estudió el nuevo modelo de planeación delos municipios colombianos, definido por la ley 388 de 1997(LeyOrgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial). Asimismo se estudiaronlas condiciones sociales, políticas y económicas de lasociedad antioqueña a lo largo de la historia, por ser ésta laque dio origen a este cementerio.

These guidelines aim to support institutions and governments in the development of open education policies promoting the adoption of open educational practices and resources, and the fostering of collaborations amongst social-educational actors which favour the democratisation of knowledge access and production. The purpose of this guide is to support policymakers, understood in a broad sense here to include a range of stakeholders, to design appropriate policies for their contexts and communities. Rather than the detail of policy, the focus of this guide is on the process of policymaking, through which the detail should emerge. Although policy might be often thought of as the work of managers, governments or experts that is then adopted, disseminated to the masses and implemented, we consider that, as 'openness policies' need to create public value, a transversal and democratic approach to policymaking is necessary. Furthermore, co-creation can be a factor in policy effectiveness, as the sense of co-ownership in a community can enhance the shared responsibility to achieve policy goals (Voorberg, Bekkers & Tummers, 2015; Bryson, Sancino, Benington & Sørensen, 2017). Therefore, we aim with these guidelines to support policymakers and advocates from governments and academia at the national, regional and institutional levels, in adopting a co-creation approach across the policy cycle, toward development of OE policies, strategies, action plans and roadmaps. We also consider these guidelines should be relevant for other institutions or organisations seeking to foster OE, such as civil society, GLAM sector and non-profit organisations, and as well for the Open Science sector, as UNESCO (2020b) recommends promoting the use of Open Educational Resources to increase access to Open Science educational and research resources. This guide has been co-created in collaboration with the Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED) and is, in part, based on the Recommendations from OpenMed to University leaders and policy ...

These guidelines aim to support institutions and governments in the development of open education policies promoting the adoption of open educational practices and resources, and the fostering of collaborations amongst social-educational actors which favour the democratisation of knowledge access and production. The purpose of this guide is to support policymakers, understood in a broad sense here to include a range of stakeholders, to design appropriate policies for their contexts and communities. Rather than the detail of policy, the focus of this guide is on the process of policymaking, through which the detail should emerge. Although policy might be often thought of as the work of managers, governments or experts that is then adopted, disseminated to the masses and implemented, we consider that, as 'openness policies' need to create public value, a transversal and democratic approach to policymaking is necessary. Furthermore, co-creation can be a factor in policy effectiveness, as the sense of co-ownership in a community can enhance the shared responsibility to achieve policy goals (Voorberg, Bekkers & Tummers, 2015; Bryson, Sancino, Benington & Sørensen, 2017). Therefore, we aim with these guidelines to support policymakers and advocates from governments and academia at the national, regional and institutional levels, in adopting a co-creation approach across the policy cycle, toward development of OE policies, strategies, action plans and roadmaps. We also consider these guidelines should be relevant for other institutions or organisations seeking to foster OE, such as civil society, GLAM sector and non-profit organisations, and as well for the Open Science sector, as UNESCO (2020b) recommends promoting the use of Open Educational Resources to increase access to Open Science educational and research resources. This guide has been co-created in collaboration with the Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED) and is, in part, based on the Recommendations from OpenMed to University leaders and policy ...

Public value theory offers innovative ways to plan, design, and implement digital government initiatives. The theory has gained the attention of researchers due to its powerful proposition that shifts the focus of public sector management from internal efficiency to value creation processes that occur outside the organization. While public value creation has become the expectation that digital government initiatives have to fulfil, there is lack of theoretical clarity on what public value means and on how digital technologies can contribute to its creation. The special issue presents a collection of six papers that provide new insights on how digital technologies support public value creation. Building on their contributions, the editorial note conceptualizes the realm of public value creation by highlighting: (1) the integrated nature of public value creation supported by digital government implementations rather than enhancing the values provided by individual technologies or innovations, (2) how the outcome of public value creation is reflected in the combined consumption of the various services enabled by technologies and (3) how public value creation is enabled by organizational capabilities and configurations.